The Structure of Policymaking
Federalism: There were 89,527 governments in the U.S. in 2007, up from 87,576 in 2002. This number includes the federal government, the 50 states, and 89,476 others. The federal government gives a lot of money to state and local governments.
Separation of power: see Statements of Administration Policy.
Bicameralism: conference committees and pingpong.
The private side of government: Contractors and grantees
Subgovernments and policy networks: The Case of Carol Browner
The Instruments of Policy
Law
- Statutes: US Code or state law
- Other legislative documents
- Regulations: Code of Federal Regulations or state codes
- Presidential executive orders, signing statements; Gubernatorial executive orders; "bill jackets" (New York)
- Court decisions: US Supreme Court; lower federal courts; state courts
Taxes and spending: federal budget, state budget
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